Accelerators
K200 Separated Sector Cyclotron (SSC)
The SSC is a variable energy machine, which was designed to accelerate protons to a maximum beam energy of 200 MeV.
The magnet system of the SSC comprises four identical C-shape sector magnets, each having a sector angle of 34◦. The injection radius is 0.952 m and the extraction radius is 4.156 m. The main magnetic field is provided by a single coil layer around the pole tips, which provides a flux density of 1.15 T. Additional coils are wound around the yoke to correct for differences in steel properties between sector magnets, giving it a maximum flux density of 1.265 T in the 66 mm pole gap.
To preserve isochronism over the radial distance, the flux density must increase by 20% if protons are to be accelerated to 200 MeV. To accomplish this, a set of 29 trim coils is used.
The SSC is also equipped with a flattop resonator and a pulse selector system.
Radio Frequency (RF) System:
The RF system consists of two λ/2-resonators with a delta shaped accelerating electrode.
The resonators are each capacitively coupled to a 150 kW power amplifier.
| Frequency range: | 6 – 26 MHz |
| Harmonic modes: | 4 and 12 |
| Number of dees: | 2 |
| Number of cavities: | 4 |
| Dee angular width: | 49 degrees |
| Dee voltage (peak to ground): | 230 kV |
| Phase Stability: | 0.1 degrees |
| Voltage Stability: | 0.1 % |
K8 Solid-Pole Injector Cyclotron for Light Ions (SPC1)
SPC1 is a variable-energy machine and was designed to accelerate protons to a maximum beam energy of 8 MeV.
It is equipped with an internal Penning Ionisation Gauge (PIG) ion source capable of accelerating particles ranging from protons to heavy ion beams with a 0.25 mass-to-charge ratio (q/m).
SPC1 is a four-sector, solid-pole cyclotron with two 90◦ dees and an extraction radius of 0.476 m.
SPC1 is mostly used for pre-acceleration of proton beams used for the production of radioisotopes.
Extraction from SPC1 is accomplished using an Electrostatic Extraction Channel (EEC) and two Magnetic Extraction Channels (MEC1 and MEC2).
Radio Frequency (RF) System:
| Frequency range: | 8.6 – 26 MHz |
| Harmonic modes: | 2 and 6 |
| Number of dees: | 2 |
| Number of cavities: | 4 |
| Dee angular width: | 90 degrees |
| Dee voltage (peak to ground): | 60 kV |
| Phase Stability: | 0.1 degrees |
| Voltage Stability: | 0.1 % |
K11 Solid Pole Injector Cyclotron for Light and Heavy Ions (SPC2)
SPC2 is a four-sector, solid-pole cyclotron with two 90◦ dees and an extraction radius of 0.476 m.
Low-energy beams are transported from either the polarised ion source or any one of the two Electron Cyclotron Resonance (ECR) ion sources and are axially injected into SPC2 with a spiral inflector. To cover the range of energies and ion species, three interchangeable spiral inflectors are available.
The main magnetic field can be corrected with six trim coils.
The extraction system is identical to that of SPC1.
Radio Frequency (RF) System:
| Frequency range: | 8.6 – 26 MHz |
| Harmonic modes: | 2 and 6 |
| Number of dees: | 2 |
| Number of cavities: | 4 |
| Dee angular width: | 90 degrees |
| Dee voltage (peak to ground): | 60 kV |
| Phase Stability: | 0.1 degrees |
| Voltage Stability: | 0.1 % |
Electron Cyclotron Resonance (ECR) Ion Sources (ECRIS4 and GTS2)
ECRIS4:
Ion species: 1,2H, 3,4He, 12,13C, N, 16,17,18O, 20,22Ne, 56,60,62Ni, 84,86Kr, 129,132,136Xe
Stripping: Q = 1….25
Beam Energy: (5-20)*Q [keV]
Beam Intensity: >10 eµA
Microwave Generator: 14.5 GHz, 50 – 1000W
Resonant Magnetic Field: 0.54 T
Diameter and active length of plasma chamber: 7 cm X 20 cm
GTS2:
Ion species: 1,2H, 3,4He, Li, 11,12B, 12,13C, N, 16,17,18O, 20,22Ne, Si, S, Cl, 36,40Ar, 56,60,62Ni, 84,86Kr, 129,132,136Xe
Stripping: Q = 1….30
Beam Energy: (5-20)*Q [keV]
Beam Intensity: >10 eµA
Microwave Generator: 14.5 GHz and 18 GHz, 10 – 2000W
Resonant Magnetic Field: 0.54 T and 0.67 T
Diameter and active length of plasma chamber: 7.8 cm X 30 cm
Ion Source for Polarized Protons
11 MeV Siemens Eclipse PET Cyclotron
3 MV Tandetron
Accelerator specifications:
| Tandetron type: | 3.0 MV “T” shaped Medium Current |
| Terminal voltage Nominal range: | 0.2 – 3.0 MV (Conditioning: 3.2 MV) |
| Terminal voltage ripple: | 30 VRMS (Low-ripple system) |
| Terminal Stripping Mechanism: | Stripping gas (Nitrogen) |
| Terminal voltage containment: | Pressurised tank: sulphur hexafluoride (SF6) gas. |
| Tank gas dew point: | Better than -45 ˚C |
Ion Sources:
| Source S1: | Multicusp SO120 delivers 1H- and D- with energy spread in the range of 10-12 eV. |
| Source S2: | Multicusp SO130 with Charge Exchange Channel (CEC) delivers 4He- with energy spread in the range of 8-10 eV. |
| Source S3: | XXXXXXXXX delivers ????? |
6 MV EN Tandem Accelerator – Accelerator Mass Spectrometry
